{"id":13628,"date":"2009-04-15T11:46:21","date_gmt":"2009-04-15T08:46:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/studentpmr.ru\/?p=13628"},"modified":"2009-04-15T11:46:21","modified_gmt":"2009-04-15T08:46:21","slug":"%d1%81%d0%b8%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b5%d0%bc%d0%b0-x","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/studentpmr.ru\/?p=13628","title":{"rendered":"\u0421\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 X"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 <i>X<\/i> \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439, \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 (\u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d), \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c \u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b <i>X<\/i> \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0439 (\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439) \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 <i>Z<sub>k<\/sub><\/i>. \u0417\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c, \u043f\u043e-\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 <i>X<\/i> \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <i>Z<\/i>, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u043c, \u0432\u043e\u0448\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0432 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u044d\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c<\/p>\n<p> <!--more-->  <\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/studentpmr.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/04\/clip-image002309.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"clip_image002\" style=\"border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; display: inline; border-left: 0px; border-bottom: 0px\" height=\"52\" alt=\"clip_image002\" src=\"http:\/\/studentpmr.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/04\/clip-image002-thumb289.gif\" width=\"200\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a> (9.11)<\/p>\n<p>\u0433\u0434\u0435 <i>q<sub>k<\/sub><\/i> &#8212; \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c, \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f <a href=\"http:\/\/studentpmr.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/04\/clip-image004217.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"clip_image004\" style=\"border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; display: inline; border-left: 0px; border-bottom: 0px\" height=\"23\" alt=\"clip_image004\" src=\"http:\/\/studentpmr.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/04\/clip-image004-thumb204.gif\" width=\"16\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a> \u0432 <a href=\"http:\/\/studentpmr.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/04\/clip-image006187.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"clip_image006\" style=\"border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; display: inline; border-left: 0px; border-bottom: 0px\" height=\"25\" alt=\"clip_image006\" src=\"http:\/\/studentpmr.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/04\/clip-image006-thumb177.gif\" width=\"24\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a>; <a href=\"http:\/\/studentpmr.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/04\/clip-image008178.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"clip_image008\" style=\"border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; display: inline; border-left: 0px; border-bottom: 0px\" height=\"51\" alt=\"clip_image008\" src=\"http:\/\/studentpmr.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/04\/clip-image008-thumb164.gif\" width=\"83\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a> &#8212; \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u044d\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b <a href=\"http:\/\/studentpmr.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/04\/clip-image0041102.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"clip_image004[1]\" style=\"border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; display: inline; border-left: 0px; border-bottom: 0px\" height=\"23\" alt=\"clip_image004[1]\" src=\"http:\/\/studentpmr.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/04\/clip-image0041-thumb14.gif\" width=\"16\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a> \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442 <i>Z<sub>k<\/sub><\/i> \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0438<i> <\/i><i>Z<sub>ki<\/sub><\/i>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0412 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044c<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/studentpmr.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/04\/clip-image01127.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"clip_image011\" style=\"border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; display: inline; border-left: 0px; border-bottom: 0px\" height=\"34\" alt=\"clip_image011\" src=\"http:\/\/studentpmr.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/04\/clip-image011-thumb24.gif\" width=\"240\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a> (9.12)<\/p>\n<p>\u0433\u0434\u0435 <a href=\"http:\/\/studentpmr.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/04\/clip-image01328.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"clip_image013\" style=\"border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; display: inline; border-left: 0px; border-bottom: 0px\" height=\"29\" alt=\"clip_image013\" src=\"http:\/\/studentpmr.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/04\/clip-image013-thumb27.gif\" width=\"85\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a> &#8212; \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b <a href=\"http:\/\/studentpmr.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/04\/clip-image01535.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"clip_image015\" style=\"border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; display: inline; border-left: 0px; border-bottom: 0px\" height=\"24\" alt=\"clip_image015\" src=\"http:\/\/studentpmr.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/04\/clip-image015-thumb31.gif\" width=\"16\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a> \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 <a href=\"http:\/\/studentpmr.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/04\/clip-image01727.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"clip_image017\" style=\"border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; display: inline; border-left: 0px; border-bottom: 0px\" height=\"29\" alt=\"clip_image017\" src=\"http:\/\/studentpmr.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/04\/clip-image017-thumb25.gif\" width=\"21\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a> \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442 <i>Z<sub>k<\/sub><\/i> \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0438 <a href=\"http:\/\/studentpmr.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/04\/clip-image01931.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"clip_image019\" style=\"border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; display: inline; border-left: 0px; border-bottom: 0px\" height=\"32\" alt=\"clip_image019\" src=\"http:\/\/studentpmr.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/04\/clip-image019-thumb30.gif\" width=\"129\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a> &#8212; \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b <a href=\"http:\/\/studentpmr.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/04\/clip-image015110.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"clip_image015[1]\" style=\"border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; display: inline; border-left: 0px; border-bottom: 0px\" height=\"24\" alt=\"clip_image015[1]\" src=\"http:\/\/studentpmr.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/04\/clip-image0151-thumb2.gif\" width=\"16\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a> \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 <a href=\"http:\/\/studentpmr.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/04\/clip-image02132.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"clip_image021\" style=\"border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; display: inline; border-left: 0px; border-bottom: 0px\" height=\"33\" alt=\"clip_image021\" src=\"http:\/\/studentpmr.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/04\/clip-image021-thumb29.gif\" width=\"29\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a> \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 <i>Z<sub>k<\/sub><\/i> \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0438 <i>Z<sub>ki<\/sub><\/i>; <a href=\"http:\/\/studentpmr.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/04\/clip-image02327.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"clip_image023\" style=\"border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; display: inline; border-left: 0px; border-bottom: 0px\" height=\"25\" alt=\"clip_image023\" src=\"http:\/\/studentpmr.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/04\/clip-image023-thumb27.gif\" width=\"20\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a> &#8212; \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0439 <i>Z<sub>k<\/sub><\/i> \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 (\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b); <a href=\"http:\/\/studentpmr.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/04\/clip-image02527.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"clip_image025\" style=\"border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; display: inline; border-left: 0px; border-bottom: 0px\" height=\"25\" alt=\"clip_image025\" src=\"http:\/\/studentpmr.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/04\/clip-image025-thumb27.gif\" width=\"21\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a> &#8212; \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438 <a href=\"http:\/\/studentpmr.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/04\/clip-image015210.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"clip_image015[2]\" style=\"border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; display: inline; border-left: 0px; border-bottom: 0px\" height=\"24\" alt=\"clip_image015[2]\" src=\"http:\/\/studentpmr.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/04\/clip-image0152-thumb1.gif\" width=\"16\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a> \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c <i>Z<sub>k<\/sub><\/i> (\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b).<\/p>\n<p>\u0422\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0445 (\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 <i>N<\/i> \u043e\u0442 100 \u0434\u043e 1000 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442 <i>n<\/i> \u043e\u0442 10 \u0434\u043e 15), \u0442\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c <a href=\"http:\/\/studentpmr.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/04\/clip-image02728.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"clip_image027\" style=\"border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; display: inline; border-left: 0px; border-bottom: 0px\" height=\"25\" alt=\"clip_image027\" src=\"http:\/\/studentpmr.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/04\/clip-image027-thumb25.gif\" width=\"115\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a> \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b <i>l<sub>k<\/sub><\/i> \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 (\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445, \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0445, \u0438 \u0442.\u0434. \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044f\u0445), \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0443. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0432 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c <i>l<sub>k<\/sub><\/i><i> <\/i>= <i>l<\/i><i> <\/i>=const.<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044f (9.12) \u0432 (9.11) \u0441 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043c<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/studentpmr.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/04\/clip-image02930.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"clip_image029\" style=\"border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; display: inline; border-left: 0px; border-bottom: 0px\" height=\"31\" alt=\"clip_image029\" src=\"http:\/\/studentpmr.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/04\/clip-image029-thumb29.gif\" width=\"240\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a> (9.13)<\/p>\n<p>\u0422\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c (9.10) \u0438 (9.13) \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0438\u0434<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/studentpmr.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/04\/clip-image03130.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"clip_image031\" style=\"border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; display: inline; border-left: 0px; border-bottom: 0px\" height=\"24\" alt=\"clip_image031\" src=\"http:\/\/studentpmr.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/04\/clip-image031-thumb29.gif\" width=\"240\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a> (9.14)<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0435\u043c\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438.<\/p>\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (9.14) \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0411\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u043b\u043b\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0445 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c\u0438. \u0422\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/studentpmr.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/04\/clip-image03328.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"clip_image033\" style=\"border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; display: inline; border-left: 0px; border-bottom: 0px\" height=\"51\" alt=\"clip_image033\" src=\"http:\/\/studentpmr.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/04\/clip-image033-thumb24.gif\" width=\"100\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/studentpmr.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/04\/clip-image03524.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"clip_image035\" style=\"border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; display: inline; border-left: 0px; border-bottom: 0px\" height=\"55\" alt=\"clip_image035\" src=\"http:\/\/studentpmr.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/04\/clip-image035-thumb23.gif\" width=\"137\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/studentpmr.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/04\/clip-image03726.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"clip_image037\" style=\"border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; display: inline; border-left: 0px; border-bottom: 0px\" height=\"49\" alt=\"clip_image037\" src=\"http:\/\/studentpmr.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/04\/clip-image037-thumb22.gif\" width=\"148\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a> (9.15)<\/p>\n<p>\u0433\u0434\u0435 <i>N<sub>j<\/sub><\/i> &#8212; \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b <i>Y<\/i> \u0432 <i>j<\/i>-\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044f\u0434 \u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b; <a href=\"http:\/\/studentpmr.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/04\/clip-image03925.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"clip_image039\" style=\"border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; display: inline; border-left: 0px; border-bottom: 0px\" height=\"25\" alt=\"clip_image039\" src=\"http:\/\/studentpmr.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/04\/clip-image039-thumb25.gif\" width=\"29\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a> &#8212; \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b <a href=\"http:\/\/studentpmr.ru\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/04\/clip-image004218.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"clip_image004[2]\" style=\"border-right: 0px; 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